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Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ADHD?

Nagy A Youssef¹, Margaret Ege, Sohair S Angly

¹VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. nagy.youssef@duke.edu

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists

|August 3, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause symptoms similar to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treating OSA improves ADHD symptoms, suggesting a link between the two conditions.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Sleep Medicine
Psychiatry

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) shares symptom overlap with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Understanding this association is crucial for public health.
Focus on interventional studies of OSA treatment effects on ADHD symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on the association between OSA and ADHD.
To examine the impact of OSA treatment on ADHD symptoms.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, etc.) from 1966 to 2010.
Included 6 interventional studies on OSA treatment and ADHD.
Reviewed literature on the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in OSA and vice versa.

Main Results:

Up to 95% of OSA patients exhibit attentional deficits.
20% to 30% of individuals with ADHD have OSA.
All 6 interventional studies showed improvements in ADHD symptoms after OSA treatment.

Conclusions:

OSA may contribute to ADHD symptomatology in some patients.
OSA treatment demonstrates positive effects on ADHD symptoms.
Further controlled trials and epidemiological studies are needed.