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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

Ca(2+) signaling, genes and the cell cycle.

Khaled Machaca1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. Khm2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu

Cell Calcium
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is crucial for cell cycle progression, though mechanisms remain unclear. Specific roles are evident in T-cell activation, where Ca2+ drives cell cycle entry via gene transcription.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca2+) dynamics serve as a fundamental intracellular signaling mechanism.
  • Ca2+ transients are linked to diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell cycle progression.
  • While Ca2+ signaling influences the cell cycle, precise mechanisms and the exact role of Ca2+ remain incompletely defined due to complex signaling crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Ca2+ signaling in cell cycle progression.
  • To highlight specific instances where Ca2+ signaling clearly mediates cell cycle transitions.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Ca2+ regulation of cell cycle entry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Ca2+ dyes for visualizing intracellular Ca2+ transients.

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Detecting Protein Subcellular Localization by Green Fluorescence Protein Tagging and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole Staining in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Detecting Protein Subcellular Localization by Green Fluorescence Protein Tagging and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole Staining in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Published on: June 6, 2017

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  • Employing electrophysiological recordings to study cellular electrical activity.
  • Analyzing gene transcription induction in response to Ca2+ signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Ca2+ signals are associated with various cell cycle phases, and disruptions impair cell cycle progression.
    • Well-defined roles for Ca2+ in cell cycle progression are established in fertilization and T-cell activation.
    • In T-cell activation, Ca2+ signaling induces gene transcription, facilitating entry into the cell cycle.

    Conclusions:

    • Ca2+ signaling is integral to cell cycle regulation, with critical roles in specific physiological contexts.
    • Further research is needed to fully define the intricate mechanisms linking Ca2+ dynamics to cell cycle progression.
    • T-cell activation serves as a model system to understand how Ca2+ drives cell cycle entry through transcriptional regulation.