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Heat, cold, noise, and vibration.

S M Horvath¹, J F Bedi

¹Environmental Stress Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara.

The Medical Clinics of North America

|March 1, 1990

Summary

Environmental stressors like cold, heat, noise, and vibration cause significant physiological changes. Cold exposure can lead to hypothermia, while noise and vibration cause hearing loss and Raynaud

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Area of Science:

Environmental Medicine
Occupational Health
Physiology

Background:

Exposure to environmental stressors, including extreme temperatures (cold and heat), noise, and vibration, can induce significant physiological alterations.
Hypothermia is a serious risk, particularly for vulnerable populations like the very young and the elderly.
High ambient temperatures can exacerbate stress in aged individuals and workers, leading to complex health issues and potential mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify causative factors of physiological alterations due to environmental and industrial exposures.
To understand the impact of noise and vibration on human health.
To highlight the need for further research into the interaction of multiple stressors.

Main Methods:

Review of known physiological responses to cold, heat, noise, and vibration.
Identification of specific health outcomes associated with each stressor.
Assessment of factors influencing susceptibility and symptom modification.

Main Results:

Cold exposure can lead to hypothermia, with increased susceptibility in the young and elderly.
Noise exposure causes hearing loss beyond age-related changes and induces psychophysiological stress responses.
Vibration exposure is linked to Raynaud's phenomenon (white finger), though modifications to tools have shown some success in symptom reduction.

Conclusions:

Environmental stressors pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable groups.
While individual stressor effects are documented, their complex interactions remain poorly understood.
Further research is crucial to clarify the combined impact of these occupational and environmental hazards.

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