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Related Experiment Videos

Notes from the graveyard: neuropathology and schizophrenia.

G W Roberts1, C J Bruton

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia is not purely functional; brain imaging reveals structural abnormalities, including enlarged ventricles and reduced medial temporal lobe volume. These changes suggest a developmental origin rather than a progressive disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia was historically viewed as a functional psychosis lacking organic basis.
  • Pathological studies failed to identify clear structural changes for decades.
  • Recent advancements challenge this view, revealing significant brain alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural brain changes associated with schizophrenia.
  • To explore the potential developmental origins of these abnormalities.
  • To provide evidence against the purely functional model of schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans.
  • Post-mortem brain examinations and planimetric studies.

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  • Analysis of brain volume, length, and specific regional morphology.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent evidence of significant ventricular enlargement in schizophrenic brains.
    • Schizophrenic brains are lighter, with reduced volume and antero-posterior length.
    • Preferential atrophy observed in medial temporal lobe structures (hippocampus, amygdala).
    • Neuronal loss and cytoarchitectural irregularities noted in affected areas.
    • Ventricular enlargement precedes symptoms and is not progressive, supporting a developmental hypothesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia involves significant structural brain abnormalities, particularly in medial temporal lobes.
    • These alterations appear to stem from developmental anomalies rather than progressive degeneration.
    • Future research should focus on genetic mechanisms, neurochemical changes, and their relation to clinical symptoms.