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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
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Handpicking epigenetic marks with PHD fingers.

Catherine A Musselman1, Tatiana G Kutateladze

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Tatiana.Kutateladze@ucdenver.edu

Nucleic Acids Research
|August 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are key epigenetic readers that bind histone modifications. This review explores their mechanisms for targeting histones and non-histone proteins, influencing gene regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers represent a large family of epigenetic effector proteins.
  • These domains are crucial for recognizing and 'reading' histone modifications and unmodified histone tails.
  • Emerging evidence indicates PHD fingers also interact with non-histone proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of PHD finger interactions with both histone and non-histone targets.
  • To elucidate the role of PHD fingers in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation.
  • To highlight the significance of crosstalk between histone modifications and combinatorial readout.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PHD finger function.

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  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing histone and non-histone protein recognition.
  • Discussion of biological outcomes related to epigenetic regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • PHD fingers exhibit high specificity in recognizing histone modifications.
    • Interactions are modulated by neighboring epigenetic marks and adjacent effectors.
    • PHD fingers also target non-histone proteins, expanding their regulatory roles.
    • Crosstalk between histone modifications influences PHD finger recruitment.

    Conclusions:

    • PHD fingers are versatile epigenetic readers with diverse targeting capabilities.
    • Understanding PHD finger mechanisms is vital for comprehending chromatin dynamics and gene expression.
    • Combinatorial readout by PHD fingers enables precise recruitment of regulatory complexes.