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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Evolutionary dynamics in cancer therapy.

Jessica J Cunningham1, Robert A Gatenby, Joel S Brown

  • 1Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States. jessica.cunningham@moffitt.org

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer treatment faces challenges from drug resistance and environmental factors. Novel therapies incorporating evolutionary strategies, rather than just increased drug toxicity, are crucial for durable tumor control.

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Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
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Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics
08:29

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics

Published on: October 2, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
10:24

Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation

Published on: September 19, 2019

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics
08:29

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics

Published on: October 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Evolutionary Medicine

Background:

  • Disseminated cancer is often fatal due to therapy resistance.
  • Cancer cells develop resistance through phenotypic strategies and environmental factors like hypoxia.
  • Systemic therapies offer limited durable success against evolving tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model tumor response to therapy considering evolutionary adaptation and microenvironmental conditions.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of single-drug, two-drug, and evolutionary-based therapeutic strategies.
  • To identify therapeutic approaches for achieving durable tumor control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fitness generating function (G-function) approach.
  • Modeled tumor cell death and resistance evolution under various therapeutic strategies.
  • Analyzed single-drug, two-drug, and multiagent therapies.

Main Results:

  • Monotherapy is effective only in the absence of evolution and environmental resistance.
  • Environmental and evolutionary factors significantly reduce therapeutic effectiveness.
  • Two-drug therapy delays resistance but rarely eradicates tumors; multiagent therapies can achieve durable control by exploiting adaptive vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing drug cytotoxicity alone will not fundamentally improve outcomes.
  • Therapeutic strategies must incorporate evolutionary principles for drug and target selection.
  • Multiagent therapies that guide adaptation towards vulnerability to subsequent agents show promise for durable cancer control.