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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...

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Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis
07:31

Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis

Published on: July 16, 2020

An introduction to membrane proteins.

Linnea E Hedin1, Kristoffer Illergård, Arne Elofsson

  • 1Department of Biochemitry and Biophysics, Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Center for Biomembrane Research, Science for life laboratory, Swedish E-science Research Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Proteome Research
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpha-helical membrane proteins are crucial for biological functions. Recent discoveries reveal their complex structures, challenging historical 2D models and impacting our understanding of their biogenesis and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alpha-helical membrane proteins perform vital biological functions.
  • Physicochemical constraints lead to unique structures compared to soluble proteins.
  • Historically, membrane proteins were viewed as simple, 2D structures with parallel helices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent advancements in understanding membrane protein structures.
  • To discuss the implications of complex membrane protein structures.
  • To highlight the impact on biogenesis, folding, evolution, and bioinformatics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent structural studies on membrane proteins.
  • Analysis of emerging data challenging traditional models.
  • Synthesis of findings related to membrane protein complexity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests membrane protein structures are as complex as soluble proteins.
  • New structural data contradicts the historical 2D, parallel helix model.
  • The complexity extends beyond simple helix packing.

Conclusions:

  • The structural complexity of membrane proteins is now widely accepted.
  • This understanding necessitates a re-evaluation of membrane protein biogenesis and evolution.
  • Future research in membrane protein bioinformatics will be significantly influenced.