[Leukemoid reaction and hypercalcemia in carcinoma of the bladder]

A 76 year-old man with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder presented marked leucocytosis (69,300 mm3) and hypercalcemia (15.4 mg/mm3). The paraneoplastic origin of these observations was demonstrated. The authors review other reported cases and discuss the pathogenic factors and the mechanisms of this paraneoplastic association.