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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

Published on: January 27, 2021

Dual-function RNA regulators in bacteria.

Carin K Vanderpool1, Divya Balasubramanian, Chelsea R Lloyd

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. cvanderp@life.illinois.edu

Biochimie
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) can regulate gene expression and also encode proteins. This review explores dual-function sRNAs, focusing on RNAIII and SgrS, and their complex regulatory roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Small RNAs (sRNAs) are crucial regulators in bacteria, often controlling virulence and stress genes.
  • While typically non-coding, some bacterial sRNAs possess dual functions, encoding proteins alongside regulatory roles.
  • These dual-function sRNAs are found in various bacterial species, but their mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of bacterial dual-function small RNAs (sRNAs).
  • To highlight the distinct regulatory mechanisms and functions of characterized dual-function sRNAs.
  • To discuss outstanding questions regarding the interplay between protein-coding and regulatory functions of these sRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial small RNAs.
  • Comparative analysis of known dual-function sRNAs, specifically RNAIII and SgrS.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms, including riboregulation and the role of Hfq.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial sRNAs can exhibit dual functions: gene regulation via antisense pairing and protein production.
  • Mechanisms of regulation vary, with some sRNAs relying on Hfq for riboregulation.
  • The relationship between protein function and riboregulation is often unclear, though physiological redundancy has been observed.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-function sRNAs represent a fascinating layer of gene regulation in bacteria.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the structure, function, and physiological significance of these versatile molecules.
  • RNAIII from Staphylococcus aureus and SgrS from Escherichia coli serve as key models for understanding these complex regulatory elements.