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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

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Published on: May 25, 2020

The Toronto epidemiology glaucoma survey: a pilot study.

Ayako Anraku1, Ya-Ping Jin, Ziad Butty

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Undetected glaucoma is prevalent in Toronto, with 3.9% of surveyed residents aged 50+ diagnosed. This study highlights the need for further research on glaucoma screening in the general population.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss.
  • The prevalence of undiagnosed glaucoma in specific populations remains an important public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of previously undetected glaucoma among residents of Toronto aged 50 years and older.
  • To identify risk factors and subtypes of glaucoma in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted using random telephone sampling of Toronto residents aged 50+.
  • Participants who self-reported no glaucoma diagnosis underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments.
  • Diagnostic criteria were based on established protocols, including visual field testing and imaging.

Main Results:

  • Of 180 participants who completed the assessment, 7 (3.9%) were newly diagnosed with glaucoma.
  • Glaucoma subtypes included primary open-angle glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.
  • A significant proportion (15%) had narrow angles, and 20.6% had a family history of glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests a substantial prevalence of undetected glaucoma in the Toronto population aged 50 and above.
  • These findings underscore the importance of glaucoma screening programs.
  • Larger-scale studies are recommended to validate these results and inform public health strategies.