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Related Concept Videos

Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

23.3K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

9.5K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

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UneCLIPsing HuR nuclear function.

Subramanya Srikantan1, Myriam Gorospe

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Molecular Cell
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The RNA-binding protein HuR is mainly in the nucleus. New research reveals its role in pre-mRNA processing by mapping HuR-RNA interactions across the transcriptome.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The RNA-binding protein HuR (Human antigen R) is primarily localized in the nucleus.
  • HuR is known for its function in stabilizing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the cytoplasm.
  • Its specific roles within the nucleus have remained less understood.

Discussion:

  • Mukherjee et al. and Lebedeva et al. utilized Photoactivatable-Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to map HuR-RNA interactions genome-wide.
  • This approach identified numerous binding sites for HuR across the transcriptome.
  • The findings challenge the traditional view of HuR as solely a cytoplasmic protein.

Key Insights:

  • PAR-CLIP analysis revealed extensive transcriptome-wide interactions between HuR and RNA molecules.

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Small-scale Nuclear Extracts for Functional Assays of Gene-expression Machineries

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
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Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
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  • These interactions predominantly occur in the nucleus, highlighting a significant nuclear function for HuR.
  • The study demonstrates HuR's involvement in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).

    • Outlook:

    • Further investigation into HuR's nuclear functions can elucidate novel regulatory mechanisms in gene expression.
    • Understanding these nuclear roles may offer new therapeutic targets for diseases associated with aberrant RNA processing.
    • This research opens new avenues for studying RNA-binding protein dynamics in the nucleus.