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Related Concept Videos

Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...

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Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis
09:26

Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2021

CUL4B: trash talking at chromatin.

Erin M Green1, Or Gozani

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Molecular Cell
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nakagawa and Xiong (2011) discovered that the CUL4B gene targets WDR5 for degradation. This finding links chromatin factor stability to gene expression in neurological diseases.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis
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Published on: March 23, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neurogenetics
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • The X-linked mental retardation gene, CUL4B, plays a crucial role in cellular processes.
  • WDR5 is a key chromatin factor involved in gene regulation.
  • Understanding the regulation of chromatin factors is essential for comprehending neurological disorders.

Discussion:

  • This study elucidates a novel mechanism controlling WDR5 protein levels.
  • The findings highlight the dependence of WDR5 proteolysis on the CUL4B gene.
  • This regulatory pathway connects a specific gene to the stability of an important chromatin-modifying protein.

Key Insights:

  • A direct link is established between CUL4B and WDR5 proteolysis.
  • The stability of the chromatin factor WDR5 is regulated by CUL4B.
  • This mechanism impacts gene expression relevant to neurological pathogenesis.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore the precise molecular interactions between CUL4B and WDR5.
  • Investigating this pathway may reveal new therapeutic targets for X-linked mental retardation and other neurological conditions.
  • Understanding the broader implications of WDR5 stability in neurodevelopment is warranted.