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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

Isochoric and Isobaric Processes

A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
06:27

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

Glacial-interglacial Indian summer monsoon dynamics.

Zhisheng An1, Steven C Clemens, Ji Shen

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China. anzs@loess.llqg.ac.cn

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is influenced by both hemispheres. Southern Hemisphere cooling, not just ice volume, drives glacial-interglacial monsoon shifts, explaining past climate variations.

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Paleoclimatology
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) exhibits strong interhemispheric transport, highlighting the influence of both Northern and Southern Hemisphere processes on its variability.
  • Understanding the drivers of ISM variability is crucial for predicting future climate patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of interhemispheric forcing on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) at glacial-interglacial timescales.
  • To analyze a high-resolution continental paleoclimate record from southwestern China to reconstruct past ISM dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution analysis of a continental paleoclimate record from southwestern China.
  • Correlation of paleoclimate data with global ice volume and Northern/Southern Hemisphere climate indicators.
  • Paleo-atmospheric pressure gradient reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Interglacial ISM maxima correlate with global ice volume minima and an enhanced Indian low.
  • Glacial ISM minima occur before peak global ice volume, with an early increase observed.
  • An increased cross-equatorial pressure gradient, driven by Southern Hemisphere high-latitude cooling, is identified as a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Interhemispheric forcing significantly influences ISM variability on glacial-interglacial timescales.
  • Southern Hemisphere high-latitude cooling plays a critical role in driving ISM changes, particularly during glacial periods.
  • The proposed mechanism explains substantial non-orbital scale variance in the Pleistocene ISM record.