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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
08:02

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

Published on: February 11, 2020

Elementary structural building blocks encountered in silicon surface reconstructions.

Corsin Battaglia1, Katalin Gaál-Nagy, Claude Monney

  • 1Institut de Physique, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silicon surface reconstruction, driven by reduced dangling bonds and surface stress, yields diverse structures. These complex surfaces are built from a few fundamental building blocks, impacting their electronic properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Silicon surface reconstruction is crucial for semiconductor device fabrication.
  • Surface stress and dangling bonds drive complex atomic rearrangements.
  • Understanding these structures is key to controlling surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify fundamental building blocks in reconstructed silicon surfaces.
  • To analyze the integration of these blocks into structural models.
  • To investigate the influence of these building blocks on surface electronic structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing structural models of silicon surfaces.
  • Identification of recurring atomic motifs.
  • Correlation of structural elements with electronic properties.

Main Results:

  • Several key elementary building blocks for silicon surface reconstruction were identified.
  • These blocks can be integrated into a unified framework for understanding diverse surface structures.
  • The electronic structure of reconstructed surfaces is directly linked to the arrangement of these building blocks.

Conclusions:

  • A limited set of building blocks explains the variety of reconstructed silicon surfaces.
  • This provides a new perspective for modeling and predicting surface behavior.
  • Understanding these fundamental units is essential for tailoring silicon surface properties for technological applications.