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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Scattering-induced entanglement between spin qubits at remote two-state structures.

Matthew Habgood1, John H Jefferson, G Andrew D Briggs

  • 1QIP IRC Group, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new method for entangling two-electron spin qubits using a scattered electron and specially designed mesoscopic structures. Full entanglement is achieved by measuring the scattered electron

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Mesoscopic Physics
  • Condensed Matter Theory

Background:

  • Entanglement is crucial for quantum computing and communication.
  • Generating entanglement between distant qubits remains a significant challenge.
  • Previous methods often required qubits to be in close proximity or parallel configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a theoretical scheme for achieving long-range entanglement of two-electron spin qubits.
  • To explore novel mesoscopic structures for efficient entanglement generation.
  • To enable entanglement in a serial configuration of qubits.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of a quasi-one-dimensional mesoscopic structure.
  • Utilizing a scattered electron to interact with serially bound two-electron spin qubits.
  • Investigating 'stub' and coupled quantum dot structures for qubit confinement.
  • Analyzing the role of spatial states and Coulomb repulsion in entanglement generation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a theoretical scheme for achieving full entanglement of two-electron spin qubits.
  • Showcased that entanglement can be generated at distances beyond the qubits' direct interaction range.
  • Identified specific mesoscopic structures (stub and coupled quantum dots) that facilitate high-probability entanglement.
  • Established a serial configuration for entanglement, differing from previous parallel approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theoretical scheme offers a viable pathway for generating long-range entanglement of spin qubits.
  • Novel mesoscopic structures provide a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing.
  • The serial configuration represents a significant advancement for qubit arrangement in quantum systems.