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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...

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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Spin-polarized STM for a Kondo adatom.

A C Seridonio1, F M Souza, I A Shelykh

  • 1ICCMP-International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Universidade de Brasília, 04513 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24310-246, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy reveals quantum interference effects in Kondo adatom systems. The Kondo peak splitting and asymmetry depend on tip-adatom distance, with increasing distances suppressing splitting and revealing a Fano-Kondo profile.

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Kondo effect in metallic systems
  • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) principles
  • Spin-polarized tunneling phenomena

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate bias dependence of tunneling conductance
  • Study quantum interference in SP-STM with Kondo adatoms
  • Analyze Fano parameter influence on conductance

Main Methods:

  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM)
  • Theoretical modeling of quantum interference
  • Analysis of Fano parameter (q) effects

Main Results:

  • Observed splitting of Kondo peak due to spin polarization
  • Asymmetry in zero-bias anomaly dependent on tip-adatom distance
  • Suppression of Kondo peak splitting at larger distances

Conclusions:

  • SP-STM is sensitive to lateral tip-adatom distance
  • Quantum interference dictates spin-dependent conductance profiles
  • System exhibits standard Fano-Kondo profile at sufficient distances