Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Evidence for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized W Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Observation of tt[over ¯] Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Dark Higgs Boson in the bb[over ¯] Final State Using pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Search for Magnetic Monopole Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2025

Same journal

Topological properties of curved spacetime extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Influence of lattice expansion on Cr ferromagnetism in Ce<sub>(1-x)</sub>La<sub>(x)</sub>CrGe<sub>3</sub>compounds revealed by atomic-scale measurements.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Bond-length-driven magnetic transition in quasi-one-dimensional CrSb<i>X</i><sub>3</sub>(<i>X</i>=S, Se).

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Anelasticity in MgAl2O4 spinel due to cation order-disorder.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

The influence of water on the dynamics of alternating polymers P(C<sub>8</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) and P(C<sub>4</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

How surface curvature shapes water nanodroplets in air.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Magnetic short-range order in β-Mn(1-x)Co(x).

J R Stewart¹, R Cywinski

¹ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|August 6, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cobalt addition to beta-manganese metal creates a disordered magnetic structure. Both 8c and 12d lattice sites contribute to the magnetic ground state, challenging previous assumptions.

More Related Videos

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa₂Cu₃O₇₋_δ/ La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO₃ (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa₂Cu₃O₇₋_δ/ La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO₃ (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Magnetism

Background:

Beta-manganese (β-Mn) is an elemental metal with a complex crystal structure.
Understanding the magnetic properties of β-Mn and its alloys is crucial for materials science applications.
Previous studies suggested that specific lattice sites in β-Mn were non-magnetic.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the magnetic ground state properties of β-Mn metal alloyed with Cobalt (Co).
To analyze the magnetic structure and Mn-Mn spin correlations in Co-doped β-Mn.
To determine the contribution of different lattice sites to the magnetic ground state.

Main Methods:

Neutron polarization analysis of the diffuse neutron scattering cross-section.
Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) procedure for magnetic structure analysis.
Extraction and analysis of Mn-Mn spin correlations.

Main Results:

The addition of Co to β-Mn results in a static disordered magnetic structure.
Medium-range magnetic correlations are observed in the alloy.
Analysis revealed that both 8c and 12d lattice sites contribute to the magnetic ground state.
Contrary to prior beliefs, the 8c site is found to be magnetic.

Conclusions:

Cobalt alloying induces a complex, disordered magnetic state in β-Mn.
The magnetic ground state arises from contributions from both 8c and 12d lattice sites.
This finding revises the understanding of magnetism in the β-Mn structure.