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Related Concept Videos

Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
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Mixtures of Acids01:19

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Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten aquatic...
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Case report: storm and acid, together… !

Supriya Gupta1, Saurabh B Kandpal

  • 1Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of a woman with Graves' disease experienced both thyroid storm and new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis due to medication noncompliance. This co-occurrence of autoimmune disorder extremes highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition affecting insulin production.
  • Co-occurrence of these autoimmune diseases is known, but simultaneous severe manifestations are infrequent.

Observation:

  • A 32-year-old woman with a history of Graves' disease presented with severe symptoms.
  • She was noncompliant with her prescribed medications for Graves' disease.
  • Her presentation included thyroid storm and newly diagnosed diabetic ketoacidosis.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited extreme manifestations of both Graves' disease (thyroid storm) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (diabetic ketoacidosis).
  • This dual presentation, particularly in its severe forms, is exceptionally rare.
  • The onset of diabetes was first noted during this critical event.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical interplay between endocrine autoimmune disorders.
  • Early recognition and integrated management are crucial for patients with coexisting Graves' disease and diabetes.
  • Highlights the potential for severe metabolic and thyroidal decompensation in noncompliant patients.