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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

Cocaine-induced thrombotic vasculopathy.

Seby John1, Sudhir Manda, David Hamrock

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio 44195, USA. johns@ccf.org

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine adulterated with levamisole can cause skin issues beyond vasculitis. Skin biopsies are crucial for diagnosing these cocaine-related reactions and differentiating them from autoimmune conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cocaine use is linked to various skin conditions, often presenting as vasculitis.
  • A growing concern is cocaine adulteration with levamisole, a substance known for severe adverse effects like cutaneous eruptions.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old woman developed a widespread bullous rash on her lower extremities after snorting cocaine.
  • Initial assessments suggested levamisole-induced vasculitis based on clinical, hematological, and serological data.

Findings:

  • Skin biopsy revealed thrombogenic vasculopathy without inflammatory infiltrate, challenging the initial vasculitis diagnosis.
  • Histopathology is key to distinguishing cocaine-related dermatoses from autoimmune vasculitis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering levamisole toxicity in cocaine users presenting with unusual skin lesions.
  • Skin biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of cocaine-induced cutaneous reactions.
  • The findings underscore the need for awareness regarding adulterants in illicit drugs and their potential dermatological consequences.