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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

Published on: July 31, 2012

TG2, a novel extracellular protein with multiple functions.

Zhuo Wang¹, Martin Griffin

¹School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B47ET, UK.

|August 6, 2011

Summary

Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) acts extracellularly as a scaffold and enzyme, influencing cell adhesion and behavior. Dysregulation of TG2 contributes to diseases like cancer and fibrosis, making it a key therapeutic target.

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A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

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Published on: July 31, 2012

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme with known intracellular roles.
TG2 can be secreted to the cell surface via an unknown mechanism.
Extracellular TG2 activity is influenced by oxidation and nitric oxide (NO).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the novel roles of TG2 at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM).
To explore TG2's functions as both a transamidating enzyme and an extracellular scaffold protein.
To discuss TG2's involvement in cell adhesion and associated signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

Literature review of TG2's extracellular functions.
Analysis of TG2's interactions with cell surface receptors (e.g., β integrins, syndecan-4).
Examination of TG2's role in physiological and pathological processes.

Main Results:

TG2 functions as an FN co-receptor for β integrins.
TG2 forms a heterocomplex with Fibronectin (FN) and syndecan-4, activating PKCα.
TG2's extracellular roles are transamidation-dependent and independent.

Conclusions:

TG2 plays diverse roles at the cell surface and in the ECM, impacting cell behavior and adhesion.
TG2's involvement in cell adhesion pathways highlights its significance in physiological processes.
Dysregulated TG2 contributes to diseases such as metastatic cancer, fibrosis, and coeliac disease, positioning it as a therapeutic and diagnostic target.