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Related Concept Videos

Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration01:30

EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration

The EDTA titration types for metal ion analysis include direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration.
Direct titration involves buffering the metal ion solution to the desired pH and directly titrating with standard EDTA until the endpoint. The optimum pH ensures a large conditional formation constant of metal−EDTA and visibility of the free indicator color in the solution. In addition, auxiliary complexing reagents are used to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides and...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Microbial Leaching01:27

Microbial Leaching

Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
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Economic justification for the Tennessee Lead Elimination Action Program.

Cliff Welborn1, Carol Boraiko, Faye Ralston

  • 1Management and Marketing Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.

Tennessee Medicine : Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Lead hazard control in Tennessee homes offers significant economic benefits. The Tennessee Lead Elimination Action Program (TN LEAP) study shows that future savings from increased lifetime earnings far outweigh remediation costs.

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Published on: June 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Childhood lead exposure, primarily from deteriorating lead-based paint, causes physical and developmental issues.
  • The Tennessee Lead Elimination Action Program (TN LEAP) addresses lead poisoning hazards in Tennessee homes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the economic justification for lead hazard control initiatives by TN LEAP.
  • To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of lead remediation efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized lead remediation cost data.
  • Applied established relationships between child blood lead levels and lost lifetime earnings.
  • Calculated NPV based on remediation expenses and projected savings.

Main Results:

  • Average remediation cost per unit: $7,598.
  • Calculated NPV for loss of lifetime income per housing unit: $17,035.
  • Total project NPV: positive $9,437.

Conclusions:

  • NPV analysis indicates a positive economic return for reducing lead hazards in Tennessee.
  • Future savings from enhanced lifetime earnings potential exceed current remediation expenses.