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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: a tutorial.

Min-Zong Huang1, Sy-Chi Cheng, Yi-Tzu Cho

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry enables direct sample analysis with minimal preparation. This review covers novel techniques, their principles, and diverse applications in fields like food safety and forensics.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Ambient ionization techniques allow direct analysis of samples under ambient conditions.
  • Minimal sample pretreatment is required, simplifying analytical workflows.
  • These methods have broad applications, including food safety, forensics, and biological analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques.
  • To detail the principles, ionization processes, and applications of these methods.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for researchers in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ambient ionization mass spectrometry.
  • Comparison of different ambient ionization techniques based on operational principles.
  • Analysis of ionization processes, mass ranges, and sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Ambient ionization utilizes techniques like electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.
  • Novel methods offer direct surface analysis with diverse applications.
  • Key parameters such as sensitivity and mass range vary across techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient ionization mass spectrometry is a versatile tool for direct sample analysis.
  • The choice of technique depends on specific application requirements and desired sensitivity.
  • Continued development promises further expansion of its analytical capabilities.