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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Viral Meningitis01:18

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Spontaneous CSF Leaks.

Eric W Wang1, William Alex Vandergrift, Rodney J Schlosser

  • 1Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 550, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, often seen in middle-aged obese women, may be a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Endoscopic repair is standard, but reducing intracranial pressure shows promise as an adjuvant therapy.

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Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a distinct clinical entity.
  • It shares significant overlap with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
  • Typical patients are middle-aged, obese women with skull base defects and signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize spontaneous CSF leaks.
  • To explore the relationship between spontaneous CSF leaks and IIH.
  • To evaluate treatment strategies for spontaneous CSF leaks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of patient demographics and clinical characteristics.
  • Radiographic analysis for skull base defects and meningoencephaloceles.
  • Assessment of treatment outcomes for endoscopic repair and CSF pressure reduction.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous CSF leaks often present similarly to IIH.
  • Radiographic findings include skull base defects and empty sella syndrome.
  • Endoscopic repair is the primary treatment, with CSF pressure reduction emerging as a key adjuvant therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea may be a variant of IIH.
  • Comprehensive evaluation including imaging is crucial.
  • A multimodal treatment approach combining surgical repair and CSF pressure management may optimize outcomes.