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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Hypothalamic/pituitary morbidity in skull base pathology.

Paul Lee¹, Ken K Y Ho, Jerry R Greenfield

¹Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4102.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

|August 9, 2011

Summary

Skull base pathologies can cause hypopituitarism and hypothalamic dysfunction. This review addresses the consequences of pituitary hypofunction in young patients, such as those with craniopharyngioma.

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Area of Science:

Neuroendocrinology
Oncology
Skull Base Surgery

Background:

Pituitary and hypothalamic dysfunction can arise from skull base pathologies.
Craniopharyngioma is a common cause of hypopituitarism in pediatric and young adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigation, management, and prognosis of hypopituitarism and hypothalamic dysfunction secondary to skull base pathologies.
To answer the clinical question regarding the consequences of pituitary hypofunction in young patients.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of studies on skull base pathologies and their impact on the pituitary and hypothalamus.
Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment strategies.
Analysis of outcomes and prognosis based on existing data.

Main Results:

Skull base pathologies present with diverse neurological and endocrine symptoms.
Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgery, endocrinology, and radiation oncology.
Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimizing outcomes and preventing long-term sequelae.

Conclusions:

Hypopituitarism and hypothalamic dysfunction due to skull base pathologies significantly impact patient health and quality of life.
Understanding the multifaceted consequences is essential for effective patient management.
Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and improve long-term prognoses.