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Acute fluoride toxicity. Pathophysiology and management.

M E McIvor

    Drug Safety
    |March 1, 1990
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acute inorganic fluoride poisoning causes severe burns and disrupts homeostasis by binding essential cations, leading to hypocalcemia. Treatment focuses on preventing absorption, supporting the patient, and enhancing fluoride removal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Environmental Health

    Background:

    • Acute inorganic fluoride intoxication poses significant health risks.
    • Fluoride's corrosive and metabolic effects disrupt physiological systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the mechanisms of acute inorganic fluoride toxicity.
    • To describe therapeutic strategies for managing fluoride poisoning.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of physiological effects of inorganic fluoride.
    • Analysis of therapeutic interventions for acute fluoride poisoning.

    Main Results:

    • Fluoride acts as a corrosive acid and a metabolic poison.
    • It causes hypocalcemia, inhibits enzymes (e.g., Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), and can lead to hyperkalemia.
    • Therapy involves preventing absorption, supporting homeostasis, and enhancing elimination.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt and comprehensive management is crucial for improving prognosis in acute fluoride poisoning.
    • Supportive care for 24 hours significantly improves patient outcomes, though delayed toxicity is possible.

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