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Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Animal and Plant Cell Structure01:30

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Animal and plant cells not only differ in their structure, function, and mode of nutrition but also in how they reproduce, specialize, and organize into complex structures.
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Though both plant and animal cells divide by mitosis (for non-gametic cells) and meiosis (for gametic cells), they differ in the specifics of this process. Unlike animal cells, plant cells lack centrosomes — an organelle responsible for organizing the spindle fibers and segregating the chromosomes during...
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Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

In Vitro Reconstitution of Spatial Cell Contact Patterns with Isolated Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo Blastomeres and Adhesive Polystyrene Beads
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Cell division orientation in animals.

Taryn E Gillies1, Clemens Cabernard

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon 1254, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Oriented cell division is crucial for animal development, tissue organization, and cell diversity. Spindle orientation, influenced by cell shape and external cues, is key to preventing developmental defects.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell division orientation is vital for tissue organization, cellular diversity, and development.
  • Regulated spindle orientation is the underlying cellular mechanism.
  • Extrinsic signals and intrinsic cues control mitotic spindle orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of oriented cell division in animal development.
  • To outline the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating spindle orientation.
  • To highlight the link between cell geometry and division orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on oriented cell division.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms in model organisms.

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  • Examination of the role of cell geometry in spindle orientation.

    • Main Results:

    • Oriented cell division is essential for correct tissue shaping and cell fate specification.
    • Cell geometry is a significant determinant of spindle orientation.
    • Dysregulation of spindle orientation leads to developmental defects like microcephaly and tumor initiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Oriented cell division is a fundamental process in animal development.
    • Understanding spindle orientation mechanisms is critical for addressing developmental disorders.
    • Further research into cell shape and division control is warranted.