Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...

Errors in Taping

Errors in Taping

Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of attention,...

Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

Errors In Hypothesis Tests

Errors In Hypothesis Tests

When performing a hypothesis test, there are four possible outcomes depending on the actual truth (or falseness) of the null hypothesis and the decision to reject or not.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A German translation and adaptation of the knowledge hiding scale.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same author

No motor learning during action-imagery practice and no intermanual transfer in the two-ball-rotation task.

Journal of sports sciences·2026

Same author

Age(ncy) differences: Age-related changes in the use of sense of agency cues.

Consciousness and cognition·2026

Same author

Anti-aging and Anti-inflammatory Dietary Interventions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Neurology and therapy·2026

Same author

Follicular regulatory T cells promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by supporting B cell egress from germinal centers.

Science translational medicine·2025

Same author

The contribution of motor identity prediction to temporal binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025

Same journal

Corrigendum to 'Consonant, vowel, and tone cues in early wordform recognition: Evidence from Cantonese-learning infants' [Cognition 275 (2026) 106624].

Cognition·2026

Same journal

Identifying distinct sources of whole number interference in children's decimal comparison: the role of numerical magnitude and inhibitory control.

Cognition·2026

Same journal

Evidence for abstract spatial concept learning in young animals.

Cognition·2026

Same journal

Blurred lines or clear boundaries? Synchrony and social dominance shape domain-specific self-other processing.

Cognition·2026

Same journal

Knowability predicts curiosity and learning.

Cognition·2026

Same journal

Throwing good effort after bad: Evidence for a sunk-cost effect in cognitive effort-based decision-making.

Cognition·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Published on: October 5, 2020

Imagery of errors in typing.

Martina Rieger¹, Fanny Martinez, Dorit Wenke

¹Department of Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK. rieger@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

|August 9, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

People do not spontaneously imagine typing errors and their corrections during motor imagery. Even when prompted, imagining errors is incomplete, suggesting limitations in how the brain predicts actions.

More Related Videos

A Tablet-Based Curriculum-Based Measurement Protocol for Kindergarten Writing

A Tablet-Based Curriculum-Based Measurement Protocol for Kindergarten Writing

Published on: February 7, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Published on: October 5, 2020

A Tablet-Based Curriculum-Based Measurement Protocol for Kindergarten Writing

A Tablet-Based Curriculum-Based Measurement Protocol for Kindergarten Writing

Published on: February 7, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Motor Control

Background:

Motor imagery, the mental simulation of actions, is crucial for motor control and learning.
The accuracy of motor imagery is often assessed by comparing imagined and executed action durations.
The role of error processing within motor imagery remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between the imagination of typing errors and error corrections and the duration differences between executed and imagined typing.
To explore whether spontaneous or instructed imagination of errors impacts this relationship.
To examine the influence of visual feedback and correction instructions on error imagination and its link to duration differences.

Main Methods:

Participants performed and imagined typing proverbs, with variations in error imagination instructions and visual feedback.
Experiment 1 focused on spontaneous error imagination.
Experiment 2 involved instructed error imagination, manipulation of correction rules, and control of visual feedback.

Main Results:

Errors and error corrections significantly predicted execution-imagination duration differences when participants were instructed to correct errors, but not when they were not.
Visual feedback increased error reporting and correction but did not affect the relationship between duration differences and error processing.
Errors less frequently imagined than executed were linked to specific typing execution processes.

Conclusions:

Motor imagery does not spontaneously include the imagination of errors and their corrections.
Even with explicit instructions, error imagination is often incomplete, potentially due to limitations in predictive forward models or attentional neglect of error signals.
These findings highlight potential constraints in the fidelity of motor imagery, particularly concerning error prediction and monitoring.