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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Maternal active smoking and newborn body composition.

M P Samper¹, A Jiménez-Muro, I Nerín

¹Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.

Early Human Development

|August 9, 2011

Summary

Maternal smoking during pregnancy reduces newborn size and affects body composition, with lean body mass appearing more impacted than fat. This highlights smoking as a significant factor in fetal growth impairment.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal anthropometry
Maternal-fetal medicine
Public health

Background:

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for reduced birth size.
Limited research has comprehensively assessed changes in neonatal anthropometry due to maternal smoking.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate differences in neonatal anthropometry and body composition between newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers.
To determine if these anthropometric differences impact the proportional distribution of body mass.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 1216 Caucasian mothers and their full-term singleton newborns were studied.
Mothers were categorized based on smoking habits during pregnancy (non-smoking vs. smoking).
Data collected included obstetric, demographic, and tobacco consumption information.

Main Results:

Infants born to smoking mothers were significantly smaller, shorter, and had smaller body circumferences compared to non-smokers (p<0.001).
Newborns of smoking mothers exhibited lower skinfold thicknesses, indicating reduced subcutaneous fat.
While overall birth weight was affected, the Ponderal Index and subcutaneous fat distribution showed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions:

Maternal smoking leads to generalized fetal growth impairment, affecting most anthropometric parameters.
Neonatal lean body mass appears to be disproportionately affected compared to body fat in infants of smoking mothers.
Smoking during gestation is a primary determinant of birth weight, second only to gestational age.