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Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy

Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
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Preparation of Amides

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Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Antibiotic Resistance via Stool Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis
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Published on: May 16, 2025

Process for detecting Helicobacter pylori using aliphatic amides.

José A Ferreira1, Elsa Dias, Sílvia M Rocha

  • 1QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new, low-cost breath test detects Helicobacter pylori by measuring volatile carboxylic acids, propionic and butyric acids, produced from specific amides. This method shows high sensitivity for diagnosing H. pylori infections non-invasively.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Accurate Helicobacter pylori diagnosis is crucial for managing gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Current guidelines favor non-invasive 'test-and-treat' strategies for H. pylori.
  • Existing diagnostic methods may have limitations in cost or specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, cost-effective, and specific breath test for H. pylori detection.
  • To identify volatile carboxylic acids as biomarkers for H. pylori infection.
  • To establish a reliable method for detecting these biomarkers in a breath test format.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized short-chain aliphatic amides (propionamide and butyramide) metabolized by H. pylori amidases.
  • Optimized solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for volatile acid extraction.
  • Employed gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS) for sensitive detection and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Detected and quantified propionic and butyric acids from H. pylori cultures (10^6-10^9 cells) within 30 minutes after amide administration.
  • Confirmed hepatic stability of propionic and butyric acids in mouse liver cells, indicating good bioavailability.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity of SPME-GC-qMS, detecting acids at levels as low as 0.8 μg in simulated breath samples.

Conclusions:

  • Propionic and butyric acids serve as reliable biomarkers for H. pylori detection via amide metabolism.
  • The developed SPME-GC-qMS method is sensitive and specific for H. pylori diagnosis through breath analysis.
  • This research lays the foundation for a new, non-invasive, and low-cost H. pylori breath test.