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Planning and self-efficacy can increase fruit and vegetable consumption: a randomized controlled trial.

Pimchanok Kreausukon1, Paul Gellert, Sonia Lippke

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A psychological intervention significantly improved fruit and vegetable consumption by enhancing dietary self-efficacy and planning skills, outperforming basic health education. These psychological factors are key to sustained dietary behavior change.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Nutritional Psychology
  • Health Behavior Interventions

Background:

  • Increasing fruit and vegetable intake is crucial for preventing obesity and chronic diseases.
  • Dietary behavior change requires both motivation and the translation of motivation into action.
  • Psychological mechanisms, including self-efficacy and planning, are vital for sustained dietary changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying dietary behavior change.
  • To compare a theory-based psychological intervention with a health education session for improving fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • To examine the roles of dietary self-efficacy and planning skills in facilitating these changes.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 114 participants.
  • Intervention groups: theory-based psychological intervention vs. health education session.
  • Outcome measures: fruit and vegetable consumption, intention, planning, and self-efficacy (assessed pre-, post-, and at 6-week follow-up).

Main Results:

  • The psychological intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured variables compared to the health education group.
  • Significant group-by-time interactions indicated superior effects for the psychological intervention.
  • Regression analyses confirmed that self-efficacy and planning acted as mediators of the intervention's effects.

Conclusions:

  • A social-cognitive intervention focusing on self-efficacy and planning is more effective than knowledge-based education for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • Dietary self-efficacy and planning skills are critical psychological mediators for successful and lasting dietary behavior modification.
  • These findings support the use of psychologically-informed interventions to promote healthier eating habits.