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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Posterior urethral valve.

Abdulrasheed A Nasir1, Emmanuel A Ameh, Lukman O Abdur-Rahman

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. draanasir@yahoo.com

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) management has improved with earlier diagnosis and surgical techniques. Current trends focus on preserving renal function and bladder health in affected boys.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a primary cause of childhood morbidity, mortality, and progressive renal damage, contributing to end-stage renal disease.
  • This condition necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its impact on pediatric renal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight current management strategies for boys diagnosed with posterior urethral valve.
  • To discuss the evolving trends in diagnosis and treatment of PUV.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline and other bibliographic databases.
  • Relevant studies focusing on the presentation, pathology, evaluation, management, and outcomes of PUV were critically reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Posterior urethral valve (PUV) diagnosis is increasingly prenatal, with severity varying based on urethral obstruction. Prenatal intervention decisions depend on gestational age, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal renal function.
  • Endoscopic ablation is the standard treatment, though alternative methods like Mohan's valvotome are crucial in resource-limited settings. Post-ablation bladder management significantly impacts long-term renal outcomes.
  • Proximal urinary diversion is reserved for specific cases of persistent upper tract dilation or deteriorating renal function.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in ultrasound, surgical techniques, and neonatal care have improved outcomes for children with posterior urethral valve (PUV).
  • Optimal management aims to maximize renal function, preserve normal bladder function, minimize morbidity, and prevent iatrogenic complications.