Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antibiotic prophylaxis for clean neck surgery.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2017
Same author

Fluoroquinolones or macrolides in combination with β-lactams in adult patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2016
Same author

Abnormal vaginal flora in symptomatic non-pregnant and pregnant women in a Greek hospital: a prospective study.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2016
Same author

The effect of microablative fractional CO2 laser on vaginal flora of postmenopausal women.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2016
Same author

Rapid molecular diagnostic tests in patients with bacteremia: evaluation of their impact on decision making and clinical outcomes.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2015
Same author

Clostridium difficile in Crete, Greece: epidemiology, microbiology and clinical disease.

Epidemiology and infection·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Ciprofloxacin in critically ill children.

G Sideri1, D A Kafetzis, E K Vouloumanou

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Athens, "P & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital and Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ciprofloxacin may be a useful antibiotic for critically ill children without cystic fibrosis, showing good short-term outcomes. Further research is needed to fully assess its safety profile in this vulnerable population.

More Related Videos

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
07:28

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry

Published on: October 29, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
07:28

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry

Published on: October 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Limited data exist on fluoroquinolone use in critically ill children.
  • Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with potential applications in severe pediatric infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin in critically ill pediatric patients.
  • To provide insights into the use of ciprofloxacin in a population with limited treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 18 pediatric patients in a tertiary care intensive care unit.
  • Patients received intravenous ciprofloxacin for various infections, primarily Gram-negative bacteremia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia.
  • Exclusion of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • All patients with microbiologically documented infections recovered.
  • Three deaths occurred, attributed to underlying diseases, not ciprofloxacin.
  • Short-term adverse events included diarrhea, vomiting, and reversible supraventricular tachycardia; no QT prolongation was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Ciprofloxacin appears to be a potentially effective treatment option for critically ill children without cystic fibrosis.
  • Short-term safety data suggest a manageable adverse event profile, though longer-term effects require further investigation.
  • This study provides valuable preliminary data on ciprofloxacin use in pediatric intensive care.