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Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Coagulation

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Colloidal rotation near the colloidal glass transition.

Minsu Kim¹, Stephen M Anthony, Sung Chul Bae

¹Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|August 10, 2011

Summary

Particle rotation and translation dynamics near the glass transition were studied. Rotational motion showed broader exploration than translation, leading to sub-Fickian diffusion without a plateau, differing from molecular glasses.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

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Area of Science:

Colloidal science
Soft matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Colloidal suspensions near the glass transition exhibit complex dynamics.
Understanding particle motion is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare rotational and translational dynamics of micron-sized spheres near the glass transition.
To investigate the relationship between rotational and translational time constants.

Main Methods:

Single-particle optical imaging was employed.
Trajectories of rotation and translation were analyzed for colloidal spheres.

Main Results:

Rotational trajectories displayed intermittent caging but explored a wider phase space.
Averaged mean-square angular displacement showed sub-Fickian diffusion, not a plateau.
Rotation time constants scaled weaker with volume fraction than translation time constants.

Conclusions:

Rotational dynamics in colloidal glasses differ significantly from translational dynamics.
The observed sub-Fickian angular diffusion provides insights into supercooled liquid behavior.
Findings contrast with dynamics observed in molecular glasses.