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Septins

Septins

Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...

Role of Septins

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...

Studying the Cytoskeleton

Studying the Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Purification and Quality Control of Recombinant Septin Complexes for Cell-Free Reconstitution

Purification and Quality Control of Recombinant Septin Complexes for Cell-Free Reconstitution

Published on: June 23, 2022

ARTS, the unusual septin: structural and functional aspects.

Yael Mandel-Gutfreund¹, Idit Kosti, Sarit Larisch

¹Computational Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Biological Chemistry

|August 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Septin 4 gene produces two isoforms: Sept4_i1 and ARTS. ARTS, unlike other septins, localizes to mitochondria, promoting apoptosis and diverse cellular functions.

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Purification and Quality Control of Recombinant Septin Complexes for Cell-Free Reconstitution

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Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins

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Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

Septins are a conserved family of GTPases traditionally linked to cytokinesis.
Emerging roles for septins include membrane dynamics, cytoskeletal organization, vesicle transport, and cancer.
The Septin 4 gene (Sept4) encodes two main isoforms: Sept4_i1 (H5/PNUTL2) and Sept4_i2/ARTS.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the structural and functional characteristics of the ARTS isoform with other human septins.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms generating Sept4 variants with distinct biological activities.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of structural and functional properties of ARTS and other septins.
Review of genetic mechanisms including promoter usage, alternative splicing, and intron retention in Sept4 gene expression.

Main Results:

The ARTS isoform exhibits unique mitochondrial localization and induces programmed cell death (apoptosis).
These properties differentiate ARTS from other known human septin family members.
Sept4 gene expression is regulated by two distinct promoters, alternative splicing, and intron retention, yielding variants with diverse functions.

Conclusions:

The Sept4 gene generates functionally distinct isoforms through complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
The ARTS isoform represents a unique member of the septin family with a critical role in apoptosis.
Understanding Sept4 isoform diversity is crucial for comprehending its multifaceted roles in cellular processes and disease.