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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because succinylcholine...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats
08:46

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats

Published on: March 24, 2020

Caudal blocks.

Martin Jöhr1, Thomas M Berger

  • 1Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland. joehrmartin@bluewin.ch

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caudal anesthesia is a crucial pediatric regional anesthetic technique. It is easy to learn, safe, and versatile for numerous pediatric procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia

Background:

  • Caudal anesthesia is a fundamental regional anesthetic technique in pediatrics.
  • It is recognized for its ease of administration and excellent safety profile.
  • Its applicability spans a wide range of pediatric surgical and diagnostic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of caudal anesthesia in pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • To underscore the technique's learnability and safety record.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of its use in various procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing English and French studies.
  • Inclusion of German guidelines on pediatric anesthesia.
  • Synthesis of information from pediatric anesthesia textbooks.

Main Results:

  • Caudal anesthesia is identified as the most important pediatric regional anesthetic technique.
  • The technique is noted for being relatively easy to learn.
  • A remarkable safety record is associated with caudal anesthesia.
  • Its utility extends to a broad spectrum of pediatric procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Caudal anesthesia is a vital and well-established technique in pediatric anesthesia.
  • Its ease of learning, safety, and versatility make it a preferred choice.
  • Existing literature, guidelines, and textbooks support its importance.