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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor
09:49

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor

Published on: April 6, 2016

Proteomic reactors and their applications in biology.

Hu Zhou1, Zhibin Ning, Fangjun Wang

  • 1Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

The FEBS Journal
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Proteomic reactors, microfluidic devices for sample preparation, are advancing gel-free proteomics. These reactors streamline protein processing, digestion, and fractionation for mass spectrometry analysis.

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Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor
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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Proteomic analysis integrates multiple technologies like HPLC, MS, and bioinformatics.
  • Gel-free approaches are increasingly dominant in proteomics.
  • Proteomic reactors emerged as key devices for sample processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technical developments in proteomic reactors over the last decade.
  • To summarize biological applications of proteomic reactors.
  • To highlight advancements in microfluidic devices for pre-MS sample preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on proteomic reactors.
  • Analysis of technical advancements in immobilized enzyme and ion exchange reactors.
  • Summary of applications in biological research.

Main Results:

  • Proteomic reactors offer rapid, robust, and efficient sample preparation.
  • Two main directions of development: immobilized enzyme and ion exchange reactors.
  • Significant progress in pre-MS sample processing capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomic reactors are crucial for the advancement of gel-free proteomics.
  • These microfluidic devices enhance efficiency and throughput in proteomic workflows.
  • Continued innovation in proteomic reactors promises broader biological applications.