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Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This relationship...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

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Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
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Published on: August 28, 2015

Characterizing specialized compounding in community pharmacies.

Jennifer Anne Giam1, Andrew J McLachlan, Ines Krass

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy Building (A15), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jlee2941@uni.sydney.edu.au

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacists in specialized compounding services report increased professional satisfaction and collaboration with physicians and patients. This specialized pharmacy practice offers a path toward reprofessionalization and should inform regulatory changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Pharmaceutical Compounding
  • Healthcare Services

Background:

  • Traditional pharmacist role of compounding declined with manufactured medicines.
  • Community pharmacies are increasingly offering specialized compounding services.
  • Understanding the characteristics of specialized compounding is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore pharmacist motivations, experiences, and practices in specialized compounding services in Australia.
  • To understand the differences between specialized and routine compounding/dispensing.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth interviews with 18 pharmacists providing specialized compounding.
  • Semistructured interview guide based on an organizational framework.
  • Constant comparison analysis of transcribed interviews.

Main Results:

  • Specialized compounding involves more ingredients, dosage forms, and clinical conditions.
  • Increased collaboration with physicians and patient interactions were reported.
  • Pharmacists experienced greater empowerment and professional satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • Specialized compounding enhances pharmacist-prescriber and patient interactions.
  • This practice contributes to pharmacist empowerment and professional satisfaction.
  • Specialized compounding may facilitate reprofessionalization and should inform regulations.