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Crowding is tuned for perceived (not physical) location.

Steven C Dakin1, John A Greenwood, Thomas A Carlson

  • 1Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. s.dakin@ucl.ac.uk

Journal of Vision
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Visual crowding, where nearby objects hinder recognition, depends on perceived, not physical, object separation. Motion-induced location illusions demonstrate that crowding

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational vision

Background:

  • Visual crowding is a phenomenon in the peripheral visual field where recognition of an object is impaired by nearby objects.
  • The degree of crowding is known to depend on the spatial separation between objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual crowding is determined by the physical separation of objects or their perceived separation.
  • To differentiate the roles of physical versus perceived location in the crowding effect.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulated apparent object separation using illusory location shifts induced by local motion.
  • Utilized flickering Gabor targets presented with flickering or drifting flankers.
  • Quantified perceived target-flanker separation and measured target orientation/spatial frequency discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Drifting flankers moving away from the target improved discrimination, while those moving towards it degraded performance.
  • Data from different conditions collapsed onto a single function when plotted against perceived separation.
  • No measurable spatial distortion of the target could account for the observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • Visual crowding magnitude is determined by the perceived separation of objects, not their physical separation.
  • Crowding likely occurs in extrastriate visual cortex, rather than early visual areas with retinotopic mapping.