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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
08:38

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: February 24, 2015

Studying the epigenome using next generation sequencing.

Chee Seng Ku1, Nasheen Naidoo, Mengchu Wu

  • 1Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. g0700040@nus.edu.sg

Journal of Medical Genetics
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances epigenomic research, revealing non-CpG DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine roles in gene regulation and human diseases.

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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenomics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized epigenomic research.
  • NGS enables advanced methods like ChIP-Seq for histone modification analysis and DNA methylome mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of NGS on epigenomic research.
  • To discuss new discoveries in DNA methylation and histone modification.
  • To explore the significance of non-CG methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.

Main Methods:

  • ChIP-Seq for whole genome histone modifications.
  • DNA methylome sequencing.
  • Third-generation sequencing for direct nucleotide analysis.

Main Results:

  • NGS improved upon ChIP-chip for histone modifications.
  • The first human DNA methylome was mapped using NGS.
  • Significant non-CG DNA methylation found in stem cells, enriched in gene bodies.
  • Third-generation sequencing differentiates methylated nucleotides.
  • 5-hydroxymethylcytosine found in various tissues, enriched at promoters and gene bodies, correlating with gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • NGS technologies have significantly advanced epigenomic research and our understanding of human biology and disease.
  • Non-CG methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine play crucial roles, challenging previous concepts.
  • Further development of methods to distinguish 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is needed to clarify their distinct biological functions.