Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Ground state configurations and melting of two-dimensional non-uniformly charged classical clusters
D M Tomecka1, G Kamieniarz, B Partoens
1Institute of Physics, A Mickiewicz University, ulica Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Abstract:
We consider classical two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb clusters consisting of two species containing five particles with charge q(1) and five with charge q(2), respectively. Using Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the ground state configurations as well as radial and angular displacements of particles as a function of temperature and their dependence on the ratio q = q(2)/q(1). We found new configurations and a new multi-step melting behavior for q sufficiently different from the uniform charge limit q = 1.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Molecular and Ionic Solids
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Valence Bond Theory
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

