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Superconductor01:24

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Unconventional superconductivity of NpPd(5)Al(2).

D Aoki1, Y Haga, T D Matsuda

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan. INAC/SPSMS, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neptunium palladium aluminum (NpPd(5)Al(2)) is the first neptunium-based heavy fermion superconductor, exhibiting superconductivity at 4.9 K. Its properties suggest proximity to antiferromagnetism, with d-wave spin-singlet pairing likely occurring.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Heavy fermion systems exhibit unique electronic properties due to localized f-electrons interacting with conduction electrons.
  • Neptunium (Np)-based intermetallic compounds are less explored compared to other actinide systems in superconductivity research.
  • Understanding the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in heavy fermion materials is crucial for fundamental physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel neptunium-based heavy fermion superconductors.
  • To investigate the superconducting properties of NpPd(5)Al(2), including critical temperature and upper critical field.
  • To explore the relationship between the heavy electronic state, Pauli paramagnetic effects, and potential magnetic ordering in NpPd(5)Al(2).

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal growth of NpPd(5)Al(2) using the lead (Pb) flux method.
  • Measurement of superconducting properties, including critical temperature (T(sc)) and upper critical field (H(c2)).
  • Analysis of the anisotropy and magnetic field dependence of H(c2) to probe electronic states and phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • High-quality single crystals of NpPd(5)Al(2) with a body-centered tetragonal structure were successfully grown.
  • NpPd(5)Al(2) was identified as the first neptunium-based heavy fermion superconductor with a critical temperature (T(sc)) of 4.9 K.
  • A large and highly anisotropic upper critical field (H(c2)) was observed, exhibiting a strong Pauli paramagnetic effect and first-order transitions at H(c2).

Conclusions:

  • NpPd(5)Al(2) represents a significant discovery in neptunium-based heavy fermion superconductivity.
  • The observed properties suggest that NpPd(5)Al(2) is close to an antiferromagnetic phase, which may be suppressed by superconductivity.
  • The superconductivity in NpPd(5)Al(2) is likely d-wave with a spin singlet state, influenced by strong Pauli paramagnetism.