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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ferromagnetism

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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Field-induced ferromagnetic structure in Er(2)Ni(2)Pb.

K Prokeš1, J A Mydosh

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, SF-2, Glienicker Straße 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic fields significantly alter the magnetic structure of Er(2)Ni(2)Pb. A new magnetic phase emerges at 0.5 T, transitioning to a ferromagnetic state at higher fields, with Er magnetic moments close to theoretical values.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The magnetic ground-state structure of rare-earth intermetallic compounds is complex and sensitive to external stimuli.
  • Erbium-based intermetallics, such as Er(2)Ni(2)Pb, exhibit intriguing magnetic properties due to the localized 4f electrons of Erbium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of applied magnetic fields on the ground-state magnetic structure of Er(2)Ni(2)Pb.
  • To determine the magnetic phase transitions and the nature of magnetic ordering under varying magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Powder neutron diffraction measurements were performed at low temperatures.
  • Applied magnetic fields ranged up to 4.5 Tesla (T).
  • Analysis involved modeling magnetic structures using irreducible representations.

Main Results:

  • The zero-field magnetic state of Er(2)Ni(2)Pb is non-uniform and unstable under magnetic fields.
  • Magnetic reflections of the zero-field structure vanish as the field increases.
  • A new magnetic phase with a commensurate propagation vector appears at 0.5 T.
  • A ferromagnetic state is established at higher fields, requiring a model with at least two irreducible representations.
  • The refined Erbium magnetic moment is 9.10 ± 0.07 µ(B), closely matching the Er(3+) free ion value.

Conclusions:

  • Applied magnetic fields induce significant changes in the magnetic ordering of Er(2)Ni(2)Pb.
  • The compound transitions through distinct magnetic phases, culminating in a complex ferromagnetic state.
  • The observed magnetic moment aligns with theoretical predictions for Er(3+) ions.