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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Coupled Reactions01:17

Coupled Reactions

Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions. Cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry
08:18

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Published on: March 4, 2021

Substrate coupling effect to transport in nanographene ribbon.

Shih-Jye Sun1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Substrate interactions significantly affect electronic device performance. This study investigates how nanographene ribbons coupled with substrates alter conductivity and magnetoresistance, offering insights for improved electronic component design.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electronic components rely on substrates, influencing their electrical properties.
  • Substrate coupling effects are critical for understanding device behavior and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of substrate coupling on nanographene ribbon conductivity.
  • To analyze variations in magnetoresistance due to substrate interactions in nanographene ribbons.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nanographene ribbons.
  • Integration of nanographene ribbons with various substrates.
  • Measurement of electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant variations in conductivity based on substrate type.
  • Demonstrated changes in magnetoresistance characteristics influenced by substrate coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate choice critically impacts nanographene ribbon electronic properties.
  • Understanding substrate coupling is essential for designing next-generation electronic devices.