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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

Ferroelectric hollow particles obtained by solid-state reaction.

Maria Teresa Buscaglia1, Vincenzo Buscaglia, Massimo Viviani

  • 1Institute of Energetics and Interphases, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genoa, Italy.

Nanotechnology
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created hollow barium titanate particles using a novel two-step method. This process yields ferroelectric structures with potential applications in advanced materials.

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Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

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Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a well-known ferroelectric material.
  • Fabricating hollow nanostructures presents unique challenges and opportunities for material property tuning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and effective method for synthesizing hollow barium titanate particles.
  • To characterize the structural, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the synthesized hollow particles.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step synthesis combining colloidal chemistry and solid-state reaction.
  • Coating of barium carbonate (BaCO3) crystals with amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) via precipitation.
  • Calcination of core-shell particles to form hollow BaTiO3 structures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized hollow BaTiO3 particles (≈70 nm shell thickness) retaining the original BaCO3 crystal morphology.
  • Characterization confirmed a tetragonal ferroelectric structure (c/a = 1.005) using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Piezoresponse force microscopy demonstrated significant piezoactivity and the presence of 180° ferroelectric domains.

Conclusions:

  • The described two-step process is a viable route for fabricating hollow ferroelectric structures.
  • The method offers potential for creating novel functional materials with tailored properties.
  • This approach can be extended to synthesize hollow structures of various ferroelectric compounds.