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Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
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Updated: May 30, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
09:13

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

Emerging role for complement in HIV infection.

Georg Huber1, Zoltán Bánki, Susanne Lengauer

  • 1Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The complement system, crucial for innate immunity, also bridges innate and adaptive immunity to combat retroviral infections. Retroviruses like HIV have evolved complex escape mechanisms to evade complement-mediated control.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The complement system is a key part of innate immunity.
  • Its role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding complement's interaction with retroviruses is vital for controlling infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide new evidence on the complement system's role in controlling retroviral infections.
  • To discuss the complex interactions between complement and retroviruses.
  • To review retroviral escape mechanisms from complement-mediated immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on complement and retroviral infections.
  • Analysis of complement's strategies in controlling retroviral replication.
  • Examination of retroviral evasion tactics against complement.

Main Results:

  • Complement controls retroviral replication via lysis, B-cell response induction, and enhanced antigen presentation.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) employs strategies to escape complement-mediated neutralization.
  • HIV utilizes follicular dendritic cells for viral reservoirs and enhances antigen-presenting cell infection.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system plays a dual role in innate immunity and bridging to adaptive immunity against retroviruses.
  • Retroviruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract complement-mediated immune responses.
  • Further research into these interactions can inform therapeutic strategies against retroviral infections.