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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

The Third Channel-Assisted Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Technique for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Combined with Contralateral Disc Herniation
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The Third Channel-Assisted Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Technique for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Combined with Contralateral Disc Herniation

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[Postoperative findings in the spinal column].

J M Lieb1, S Ulmer, J Kelm

  • 1Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsspital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Schweiz.

Der Radiologe
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative spinal imaging uses X-ray, MRI, and CT scans to check implant placement and diagnose complications like herniated discs or infections. Each imaging method has unique strengths for evaluating bone or soft tissue issues after surgery.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

The Third Channel-Assisted Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Technique for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Combined with Contralateral Disc Herniation
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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Unilateral-Approach Bilateral Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Context:

  • Postoperative imaging is crucial after spinal surgery for implant assessment and complication detection.
  • Ongoing patient pain often necessitates further imaging to identify underlying issues.
  • Various imaging modalities are employed, each with distinct advantages and limitations.

Purpose:

  • To review the roles and limitations of different imaging techniques in the postoperative spinal surgery setting.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate imaging modalities based on clinical questions.
  • To differentiate between normal postoperative changes and pathological conditions.

Summary:

  • Conventional X-ray verifies spinal implant positioning and stability, but has limitations in assessing soft tissues.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels at visualizing soft tissue changes such as recurrent herniated discs, hematomas, or infections, especially in the immediate postoperative period.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is optimal for evaluating bony structures and is valuable for image-guided interventions like kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of postoperative spinal imaging techniques for clinicians.
  • Aids in optimizing diagnostic strategies for patients experiencing persistent pain after spinal surgery.
  • Highlights the complementary roles of X-ray, MRI, and CT in managing spinal surgery patients.