Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
09:59
Transfer of Mammary Gland-forming Ability Between Mammary Basal Epithelial Cells and Mammary Luminal Cells via Extracellular Vesicles/Exosomes
Published on: June 3, 2017
Proteolipidic composition of exosomes changes during reticulocyte maturation.
Kévin Carayon1, Karima Chaoui, Elsa Ronzier
1CNRS, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, 205 Route de Narbonne, France. kevin.carayon@ipbs.fr
The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|August 11, 2011
Summary
Reticulocytes release exosomes with changing compositions during red blood cell differentiation. This study reveals dynamic proteolipidic sorting mechanisms essential for exosome biogenesis and cellular component elimination.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Hematology
- Extracellular Vesicles
Background:
- Reticulocytes, immature red blood cells, undergo significant cellular remodeling during terminal differentiation.
- Hemoglobin synthesis and the elimination of cellular components are critical processes during erythropoiesis.
- Exosomes, small secreted vesicles, are implicated in the selective removal of cellular material.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic changes in exosome composition during reticulocyte differentiation.
- To elucidate the proteolipidic sorting mechanisms governing exosome biogenesis in differentiating reticulocytes.
- To correlate exosome physical properties with their compositional alterations.
Main Methods:
- In vitro differentiation of reticulocytes over a 7-day period.
- Proteomic analysis of released exosomes.
- Lipidomic analysis of released exosomes.
- Characterization of exosome physical properties.
Main Results:
- Significant alterations in exosome protein and lipid content were observed throughout the 7-day differentiation protocol.
- Evidence supports distinct mechanisms for preferential protein and lipid recruitment into exosomes.
- The relative importance of these recruitment pathways evolves during reticulocyte maturation.
Conclusions:
- Exosome biogenesis in reticulocytes involves sophisticated and dynamic proteolipidic sorting mechanisms.
- These mechanisms adapt over time to facilitate efficient cellular remodeling during erythropoiesis.
- Understanding these pathways provides insights into red blood cell maturation and exosome function.
Related Concept Videos
01:36Overview of Exosomes
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
01:35Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer
Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
01:28Maturation of Endosomes
The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
01:33Overview of Secretory Vesicles
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
01:28Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER
Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
01:38Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...