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Related Concept Videos

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

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Here we present a protocol for a versatile behavior test developed recently, the ladder beam test. This test has the advantage of detecting subtle cerebellar ataxia caused by a defect of thyroid hormone action in the central nervous system over the conventional behavior tests assessing motor performance.
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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse04:14

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The Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator mouse model was developed to enable tissue-specific quantification of local thyroid hormone action using its endogenous regulatory machinery. Recently, it has been shown that the model is suitable for characterizing endocrine-disrupting chemicals interacting with thyroid hormone economy, both by ex vivo and in vivo...
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An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast12:31

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We have developed a novel ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. It is based on tissue microstructures isolated from surgical breast tissue specimens which preserve tissue architecture, intercellular interactions, and paracrine...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

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Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
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Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level.

J H Oppenheimer

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 9, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Thyroid hormone action involves a nuclear receptor complex that regulates messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. Cellular sensitivity to this complex, rather than receptor number, appears key for thyroid hormone response.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Endocrinology
    • Gene Regulation
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormone's cellular effects are mediated by a nuclear receptor complex.
    • This complex influences the production of various messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of thyroid hormone action at the cellular level.
    • To investigate the role of the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor complex in gene expression.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of mRNA sequence changes in response to thyroid hormone.
    • Examination of cellular sensitivity to the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor complex.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor complex is the basic unit of thyroid hormone action.
    • Both generalized and specific increases in mRNA levels were observed.
    • Cellular regulation occurs locally, with sensitivity potentially modulated at postreceptor levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone effects are regulated locally within cells, possibly at postreceptor sites.
    • Selective alterations in sensitivity to the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor complex occur at specific target genes.
    • Receptor site number is not a reliable index of thyroid hormone response.