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Related Concept Videos

Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations: What...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium, μ.
Furthermore, the...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Longitudinal elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves in off-diagonal magnetoelectric split-ring composites.

S T Chui1, Weihua Wang, L Zhou

  • 1Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We investigated electromagnetic wave propagation in split-ring resonator arrays. Novel modes exhibit elliptically polarized electric fields and unusual Poynting vector behavior, even with damping.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Metamaterials
  • Wave Propagation

Background:

  • Split-ring resonators exhibit extraordinary electromagnetic phenomena.
  • Off-diagonal magnetoelectric susceptibilities are key to these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To study plane electromagnetic wave propagation in split-ring resonator arrays.
  • To explore novel electromagnetic modes and behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation through arrays of split rings with varying orientations.
  • Theoretical investigation of wave-vector and group-velocity dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a mode with elliptically polarized electric fields, including a longitudinal component.
  • Observation of Poynting vector components perpendicular to the wavevector in the presence of damping.
  • Demonstration that the speed of light can be real when the product of permittivity (ϵ) and permeability (μ) is negative.

Conclusions:

  • Split-ring resonator arrays support complex electromagnetic wave behaviors.
  • Off-diagonal susceptibilities lead to unique polarization and energy flow characteristics.
  • These findings offer new insights into metamaterial properties and wave propagation.