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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Electrical Transport01:29

Electrical Transport

The electrical transport property of a material is defined by its resistance and conductivity. Resistance is the measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, while conductivity gauges its ability to allow the current to pass through, depending on the geometry of the measurement cell, such as electrode spacing and area. Conductivity is measured in Siemens (S). There are different types of conductance, including specific conductance, equivalent conductance, and molar...
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
Continuous Charge Distributions01:17

Continuous Charge Distributions

Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Nonlinear dc transport in graphene.

W S Bao1, S Y Liu, X L Lei

  • 1Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates graphene

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Published on: July 24, 2015

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Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device
11:15

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

Published on: June 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties are crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Understanding charge transport mechanisms under varying electric fields is essential for device applications.
  • Electron scattering processes significantly influence graphene's conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the nonlinear steady-state transport properties of graphene.
  • To analyze the impact of various electron scattering mechanisms on conductivity.
  • To determine the critical electric field strength at which nonlinear behavior emerges.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study using the balance equation approach.
  • Inclusion of electron-impurity, electron-acoustic-phonon, and electron-optical-phonon scatterings.
  • Analysis of conductivity and electron temperature as functions of electric field strength.

Main Results:

  • Graphene conductivity exhibits strongly nonlinear behavior above a critical electric field (E(c)≈0.1 kV cm⁻¹).
  • Conductivity initially decreases slowly with increasing electric field, then falls rapidly beyond E(c).
  • The dependence of electron temperature on electric field strength was also determined.

Conclusions:

  • Electron scattering significantly impacts graphene's nonlinear transport properties.
  • A critical electric field strength governs the transition to rapid conductivity decrease.
  • The findings provide insights into graphene's behavior under high electric fields for device design.